Quick Answer
To relieve a sunburn, get out of the sun, cool your skin with a cool shower or damp compress, drink water, and apply a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer once your skin has cooled. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, may help reduce discomfort and inflammation when appropriate. Mild sunburns typically heal within several days, while blistering burns can take longer. Avoid applying ice directly to the skin, popping blisters, or peeling damaged skin.
In this article, we will walk you through exactly what works, what does not, and why.
What Is Actually Happening When You Get a Sunburn
A sunburn happens when ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages skin cells, primarily in the epidermis, the outermost layer of your skin. Your body responds with inflammation and increased blood flow, causing the redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness associated with sunburn.
This is why a sunburn gets worse over the first 24–48 hours: the inflammation is still ramping up. You might wake up tomorrow looking way worse than you do today. This is normal. But it also means your first few hours matter—a lot.

The First 24 Hours: Where the Real Difference Happens
If you are reading this while you are still burned and have not started treatment, this section is for you. The first day is when you can actually reduce swelling and pain significantly.
Cool It Down (But Do Not Freeze It)
Get into a cool (not ice-cold) shower or bath. Lukewarm water, about 70–80°F. Stay in for 10–15 minutes.²
Here is why this matters: cooling reduces the temperature of your skin, which slows down inflammation. But—and this is important—ice or extremely cold water causes blood vessels to constrict sharply, which can trap heat and actually make the burn worse. Your goal is gentle cooling, not shocking your system.
After the shower, pat your skin dry gently. Do not rub. Use soft towels or cloths.
Drink Water (Seriously)
Sunburns pull fluid to your skin surface, drawing it away from the rest of your body.³
Drink water consistently over the next few days. This is not about reversing the burn—your skin is already damaged. It is about supporting your body healing process and preventing dehydration, which makes everything feel worse.
Should I Take a Pain Reliever?
Over-the-counter pain relievers may help manage sunburn discomfort. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can reduce pain and inflammation, while acetaminophen (Tylenol) helps relieve pain but does not significantly reduce inflammation. Follow the product label and consult a healthcare professional if you have medical conditions or take medications that could affect which option is appropriate.
Ibuprofen is often more effective for sunburns because it is an anti-inflammatory, not just a painkiller. If you do not have a medical reason to avoid it, taking it in the first 24 hours can genuinely help.
But avoid numbing creams (like those with lidocaine or benzocaine). They sound helpful, but they can get absorbed into your body and mask warning signs of serious burns.
Moisturize – But Not with Just Any Product

Once you have cooled down, apply a protective ointment to damp skin. The damp skin helps the ointment seal in moisture.⁵
Infection Protection Wound Care Ointment is formulated for exactly this—it creates an occlusive barrier (a protective seal) that keeps water in your skin and provides soothing botanical relief without synthetic additives. The ointment base adheres longer to your skin than a gel, so you are providing your skin with relief, and you won’t have to reapply every 20 minutes.
What NOT to Do (This Matters More Than You Think)

- ❌ Avoid applying thick ointments or heavy occlusive products immediately to skin that is still hot from sun exposure. Once the skin has cooled, appropriate moisturizers or protective ointments may help relieve dryness and protect healing skin.
- ❌ Do not apply ice directly to your skin. It can damage tissue further.
- ❌ Do not wear tight clothing. Loose, soft cotton only.
- ❌ Do not use products with alcohol or fragrance. Your skin is already angry.
The Three Degrees of Sunburn—And What You Can Expect
First-Degree Sunburn (Mild)
Your skin is red, warm to the touch, and maybe a little tender. No blistering. Looks bad, feels uncomfortable, but manageable. This is surface-level damage—just the top layer of skin reacting to UV.⁶
Recovery: 3–7 days. Light peeling is normal.
Second-Degree Sunburn (Moderate to Severe)
Now you have blisters. They appear within 24–48 hours. Your skin is deep red or purple, very painful, and swollen. You might have chills, feel nauseous, or run a low fever—your body is mounting a full inflammatory response.⁷
Here is what is happening: fluid has pooled beneath the damaged skin layers, creating those blisters. Do not pop them. They are protecting new skin underneath. Popping them exposes healing tissue to air and bacteria, which increases infection risk.
Recovery: 1–3 weeks, with significant peeling.
Third-Degree Sunburn (Severe—Rare)

Severe sunburn can cause extensive blistering, significant swelling, and intense pain. Symptoms such as fever, chills, dizziness, confusion, fainting, or signs of dehydration may indicate a more serious condition requiring prompt medical attention.
Seek medical care for extensive blistering, severe or worsening pain, signs of infection, or symptoms affecting your overall health. Confusion, fainting, or other signs of heatstroke require emergency medical care. Third-degree burns from ordinary sun exposure are exceptionally rare and should not be treated as a typical stage of sunburn.
Days 2–7: The Healing Phase (Yes, Day 2 Might Be Worse)
Here is the reality: your sunburn often looks and feels worse on day 2 than it did immediately after sun exposure. ⁹
This is because inflammation peaks around 24–48 hours after injury. You are not getting worse—the inflammation is just reaching its peak. It will start improving after that.
Mild Sunburns (No Blisters)

Apply protective ointment 2–3 times daily, especially after bathing. The key is consistency—keep that moisture barrier intact. When you shower, use lukewarm water and a gentle cleanser like Calendula Cleansing Bar (it will not strip your skin). Pat dry gently and apply ointment to damp skin to lock in hydration.
Your skin will likely start peeling after day 3–4. This is completely normal. Do not pick at it or exfoliate. Let it shed on its own. Picking disrupts healing and increases scarring risk.
Severe Sunburns (With Blisters)
Do not pop the blisters. I know they look gross and feel uncomfortable. But they are protective. The clear or yellowish fluid inside is not pus—it is actually part of your body healing response. It is protecting the new skin forming underneath.
What you can do: Keep blistered skin clean and protected, and avoid popping or applying pressure to the blisters. Use a cool, damp compress to help relieve discomfort. If a blister breaks, gently clean the area and protect it with a sterile, nonstick dressing. Avoid applying fragranced products or essential oils directly to damaged skin, as they may cause additional irritation. Seek medical advice for extensive blistering or signs of infection.
If a blister bursts on its own (they sometimes do), keep the area clean, apply ointment, and monitor for signs of infection (increasing warmth, pus, redness spreading beyond the blister).
Peeling Skin: What Is Normal and What to Do About It
Around day 3–5, your skin will start peeling. Depending on severity, this can last 1–2 weeks. It is your body shedding damaged skin cells so new ones can replace them.¹⁰
Do not pick, peel, or exfoliate manually. I know the dead skin looks bad and feels weird. Resist the urge. Picking causes scarring and can reopen healing wounds. Just let it peel naturally. The best treatment is keeping your skin moisturized (which you are already doing with the ointment) and leaving it alone.
If you absolutely need to do something: take lukewarm showers and gently pat with a soft towel. That is it. No scrubs, no exfoliating mitts, no active ingredients. Your skin is still healing.

The Real Timeline: How Long Until You Look Normal Again?
- First-Degree Burn: Days 1–2: Red, warm, maybe slightly swollen | Days 3–7: Redness fades, light peeling begins | By day 7: Looks almost normal (maybe a slight tan line)
- Second-Degree Burn: Days 1–2: Deep red, blistering begins, pain/swelling peaks | Days 3–10: Blisters may burst, significant peeling | Days 10–14: Peeling continues, redness gradually fades | Weeks 3–4: Skin mostly healed, but may still be slightly pink
The redness can linger longer than you would like—sometimes weeks. But new skin is forming underneath the whole time.

Will a Sunburn Turn Into a Tan? (The Real Answer)
No. A sunburn and a tan are two completely different things.
A sunburn is damage – your skin reacting to UV radiation by inflaming and peeling. A tan is your skin producing melanin (pigment) as a defense mechanism against UV. They can happen at the same time, but one does not turn into the other.
So if you get badly burned, you might peel away the burned layer and be left with some pigmentation underneath. But that is not the burn becoming a tan. It is new skin with pigment.¹¹
And here is what matters: both sunburns and tans represent UV damage. A tan means your skin was injured enough to produce protective pigment. That is still damage. Neither one is good for you long-term.
Prevention (So You Do Not Have to Do This Again)
The best sunburn treatment is not getting one in the first place. Here is what actually works:
Timing Matters
UV rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.¹²
If you can stay indoors or in shade during those hours, do it. Even 15 minutes in the shade makes a real difference. And wear protective clothing—long sleeves, hats, UV-blocking shirts. These cost nothing extra and work better than any sunscreen.

Sunscreen: Choose the Right Kind
Mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) sit on your skin and reflect UV rays. They work immediately and are less likely to irritate sensitive skin. Downside: white cast.
Both mineral and chemical sunscreens can provide effective UV protection when used correctly. Mineral sunscreens contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, while chemical sunscreens use organic UV filters to absorb ultraviolet radiation.
Some sunscreen ingredients, including oxybenzone, have raised questions about environmental effects and systemic absorption. However, detecting an ingredient in the bloodstream does not necessarily mean it causes harm, and current evidence does not establish that approved chemical sunscreens cause hormonal problems in humans.
Certain UV filters have shown harmful effects on marine organisms in laboratory studies, although their contribution to coral reef damage in real-world conditions remains under investigation. Ocean warming is a major driver of coral bleaching.
Choose a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, and reapply according to the label. Mineral formulas can be a good option for people with sensitive skin or those who prefer to avoid certain chemical UV filters.

If You Have Kids

For babies younger than six months, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends prioritizing shade and protective clothing rather than routine sunscreen use. If adequate shade and clothing are unavailable, ask a pediatrician about applying a small amount of sunscreen to exposed areas.
For older children, choose a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. Mineral sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide can be particularly suitable for sensitive skin. Encourage protective clothing, hats, and regular breaks in the shade.
Got Questions? We Have Answers
The Bottom Line
Sunburns can be painful, but a few simple steps can help manage discomfort while your skin heals. Cool the affected area, stay hydrated, consider an appropriate over-the-counter pain reliever, and use a gentle moisturizer once the skin has cooled. Avoid direct ice, irritating skincare products, and picking at peeling skin. If you develop extensive blisters or symptoms such as fever, dizziness, or dehydration, seek medical attention.
To prevent future sunburns, seek shade during peak UV hours, wear protective clothing, and regularly apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
Sources
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- Gabros, S., Nessel, F., & Zubair, A. S. (2019). Sunburn (solar erythema). In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470445/
- Kullavanijaya, P., & Lim, H. W. (2005). Photoprotection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 937–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.01.063
- Ceballos-Ospina, G. A., Botero-López, V., & Eslava-Schmalbach, J. (2016). Acute effects of UV radiation on skin: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 92(6), 790–799.
- Rawlings, A. V., & Matts, P. J. (2005). Stratum corneum moisturization at the molecular level: An update in relation to the dry skin barrier. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 57(12), 1519–1540.
- International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. (2015). Global solar UV index: A practical guide. Health Physics, 108(4), 397–406.
- Surber, C., & Davis, A. F. (2012). Bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical glucocorticoids. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68(3), 453–466.
- Matsumura, Y., & Ananthaswamy, H. N. (2004). Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 195(3), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019
- World Health Organization. (2017). UV Index and Health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ultraviolet-(uv)-radiation
- Schlumpf, M., Cotton, B., Conscience, M., Haller, V., Steinmann, B., & Lichtensteiger, W. (2001). In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(3), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109239
- Calafat, A. M., Wong, L. Y., Ye, X., Reidy, J. A., & Needham, L. L. (2008). Concentrations of the sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 in residents of the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(7), 893–897.
- Danovaro, R., Bongiorni, L., Corinaldesi, C., Giovannelli, D., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., … & Orlandi, C. (2008). Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(4), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10966
- American Academy of Dermatology. (2023). Sunscreen: How to Protect Your Skin from the Sun. Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/sun-protection/sunscreen
- Haeggström, M., Larsson, M., Henriksson, R., & Liedberg, B. (2018). Sunscreen impact on coral symbiodinium: Preliminary assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 139, 314–320.
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Sun Safety. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Infection Protection Wound Care Ointment is for external use only. If sunburn symptoms are severe, persistent, or accompanied by fever, chills, or systemic symptoms, consult a healthcare provider.




























































